Plasma Dictionary - Definition of Term Safety Factor
 

 

 
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Term : Safety Factor
Definition : The plasma safety factor, q, is important in toroidal magnetic confinement geometries, where it denotes the number of times a magnetic field line goes around a torus ``the long way'' (toroidally) for each time around ``the short way'' (poloidally). In a tokamak, for example, the safety factor profile depends on the plasma current profile, and q typically ranges from near unity in the center of the plasma to 2-8 at the edge. The safety factor is so named because larger values are associated with higher ratios of toroidal field to plasma current (poloidal field), and consequently less risk of current-driven plasma instabilities. The safety factor is the inverse of the rotational transform, i (iota), and can be expressed mathematically as q * r Bt / R Bp, where r is the local minor radius, R the major radius, and Bt and Bp are the toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields. In stellarator physics one typically works in terms of the rotational transform instead.
 
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